How to do a PRAM/NVRAM reset
NVRAM (nonvolatile random-access memory) is a small amount of memory that your Mac uses to store certain settings and access them quickly. PRAM (Parameter RAM) stores similar information, and the steps for resetting NVRAM and PRAM are the same.
Settings that can be stored in NVRAM include sound volume, display resolution, startup disk selection, time zone, and recent kernel panic information. The settings stored in NVRAM depend on your Mac and the devices that you're using with your Mac.
If you experience issues related to these settings or others, resetting NVRAM might help.
To reset PRAM/NVRAM:
1. Choose Apple menu > Shut Down and wait for your Mac to shut down.
2. Press the power button and immediately press and hold these four keys together: Option, Command, P, and R. You can release the keys after about 20 seconds, during which your Mac might appear to restart.
On Mac computers that play a startup sound, you can release the keys after the second startup sound.
On Mac computers that do not play a startup sound, you can release the keys after the Apple logo appears and disappears for the second time.
When your Mac finishes starting up, you might want to open System Preferences and adjust any settings that were reset, such as sound volume, display resolution, startup disk selection, or time zone.
Last updated on Jan 30, 2023, by Andrei Zorin